Nasal Cancer In Dogs

How can I tell if my dog has nasal cancer?

Nasal tumors in dogs are often difficult to detect because they develop deep inside the nasal cavity, where early signs are easily missed. By the time symptoms become noticeable and a diagnosis is made, nasal cancer is usually at an advanced stage. These tumors are typically locally aggressive, meaning they invade and damage nearby tissues, including bone and, in some cases, the area near the brain. Unlike some cancers, nasal tumors in dogs are more likely to cause problems where they start rather than spreading to distant organs. Early recognition of the signs and symptoms of nasal cancer can help you seek veterinary care more quickly so that you can explore the most effective treatment options for your dog.

“He’s young for his age, very chipper, runs around. Most people who see him think he’s 4 or 5 years old. In hindsight, we realized that a lot of things we saw were caused by his tumor—dark spots on his bed and rubbing his nose on the carpet. His face looked normal, he acted normal, still played ball, went for walks, and did everything as usual. If we would have known, we could have caught this sooner.” – Cheryl Harper, Pet Parent to Pet Hero Cooper

What are the signs and symptoms of nasal cancer in dogs?

If your pet displays these signs or symptoms of nasal cancer, have your pet examined by your primary care veterinarian as soon as possible.

• Nasal discharge:
  This is the most common sign of a nasal tumor. The discharge can be clear, mucous-like, pus-filled, or bloody. Because dogs often lick their noses, you may first notice discharge on their bedding or blankets.
• Excessive sneezing:
  Frequent sneezing is another common symptom. Sneezing can also be caused by allergies or infections, so your veterinarian may initially treat your dog for these conditions. If sneezing continues or returns after treatment, notify your veterinarian.
• Loud snoring or noisy breathing:
  If your dog, especially one who previously slept quietly, starts to snore loudly or breathe noisily when awake, it may indicate a tumor partially blocking the nasal passages.
• Bloody nose (epistaxis):
  A bloody nose is never normal for dogs. While nosebleeds can result from trauma, infections, or dental issues, frequent or worsening nosebleeds may point to a nasal tumor.
• Rubbing or pawing at face
  As tumors grow, dogs may show discomfort by rubbing their face on the ground or furniture or by pawing at their nose and face.
• Facial deformity or swelling:
  Tumor growth can push against facial muscles and bones, causing swelling, loss of symmetry, or a misshapen nose. Tumors can also extend toward the eyes, leading to bulging or abnormal eye discharge.
• Seizures or neurological changes:
  In advanced cases, tumors may invade the area near the brain, causing seizures or behavior changes. If your dog develops facial deformity, seizures, or frequent nosebleeds, be sure to get veterinary care without delay.
• Other signs of cancer
  Some symptoms may not involve the face, such as unexplained weight loss or gain, persistent cough, or wounds that do not heal. For more information, see our article “Top 10 Warning Signs of Cancer in Your Pet” article for more information. 

How is nasal cancer diagnosed and staged in dogs?

Diagnosing nasal cancer in dogs can involve a variety of tests to determine the presence, type, and extent of the tumor. Your veterinarian may recommend one or more of the following tests:

• Physical examination to gauge facial symmetry and check for swelling or deformity
• Evaluation of airflow through each nasal opening
• Blood work to assess the pet’s overall health and to identify any underlying issues
• Imaging studies, such as nasal radiographs or a CT scan, to visualize the tumor’s size and location
• Tissue biopsy or fine needle aspiration to collect cells for laboratory analysis and confirm the diagnosis
• Rhinoscopy, which uses a small camera to examine the inside of the nasal passages
• Nasal and/or nasal radiographs
• CT scan

A thorough diagnosis and staging process helps your veterinary team understand how far the tumor has progressed and helps with treatment planning.

What are the treatment options for nasal tumors in dogs?

The first priority in treating nasal tumors is pain management. Many dogs experience discomfort, and your veterinarian may prescribe anti-inflammatory medications or opioids to help control pain throughout treatment.
For most dogs, radiation therapy is the most effective treatment for nasal tumors and considered the standard. Surgery is often challenging because of the tumor’s location and the nearby sensitive structures. Before the introduction of advanced techniques, conventionally fractionated radiation therapy (CFRT) was the primary option. CFRT delivers smaller doses of radiation over 16 to 20 sessions under anesthesia, which helps minimize side effects but may still impact healthy tissue near the tumor.
With advancements and innovations in veterinary oncology, stereotactic radiation therapy (SRS/SRT) is now available more widely, including at PetCure Oncology. SRS/SRT uses highly precise targeting to deliver higher doses of radiation in fewer sessions, sparing surrounding healthy tissue and shortening the overall treatment time.
Your veterinary oncologist will discuss which treatment approach is most appropriate for your dog, taking into account the tumor’s type, stage, and your dog’s overall health.

If you have an appointment to discuss radiation therapy for your pet’s nasal cancer, here are some questions to ask your veterinary oncologist.

Stereotactic Radiation (SRS/SRT) at PetCure Oncology

At PetCure Oncology, our centers offer CFRT as well as the newer and more advanced forms of radiation therapy like SRS/SRT. Unlike traditional radiation therapy, SRS/SRT is able to deliver high doses of radiation with sub-millimeter precision. This means:

• • Maximum damage to the tumor and minimal collateral damage to healthy tissues nearby
  • Fewer treatment sessions compared to CFRT—patients require only 1-3 sessions, which means fewer anesthetic events, more safety, and less disruption to your schedule
  • Fast recovery with little to no side effects
  • Ability to treat tumors previously considered untreatable

What is the prognosis for dogs with nasal cancer?

The prognosis for dogs with nasal cancer depends on the type of tumor, how advanced it is at diagnosis, and the treatment chosen. With advanced radiation therapy, the median survival time for dogs is typically between 6 and 18 months. Some dogs may live longer, especially if the cancer is detected and treated early. As with all cancers, earlier diagnosis and intervention can lead to more favorable outcomes, but every case is unique. Your veterinary oncologist will discuss your dog’s specific situation and help you understand what to expect.

Meet Our Nasal Cancer Pet Heroes

As of March 2017, 14% of all cancers treated by PetCure Oncology have been nasal tumors. Here are a few our inspiring Pet Heroes that have fought nasal cancer. We invite you to read their stories. If your pet has been diagnosed with cancer, contact a PetCure Oncology location near you. Our team members are ready to help answer your questions.

• Pet Hero Cooper the Labrador – Adenocarcinoma
• Pet Hero Sam the Golden Retriever – Adenocarcinoma
• Pet Hero Cera the Super Cat – Lymphosarcoma

Common Questions About SRS/SRT

What is stereotactic radiation therapy (SRS/SRT) for dogs with nasal cancer?

SRS/SRT is an advanced form of radiation therapy that delivers precise, high-dose radiation directly to a nasal tumor while sparing healthy tissue. This approach often requires only one to three treatment sessions and is less invasive.

How does SRS/SRT differ from conventional radiation therapy for nasal tumors in dogs?

SRS/SRT uses specialized imaging and planning to target tumors with sub-millimeter accuracy. Unlike conventional radiation, which may require 16-20 treatments, SRS/SRT typically involves just a few sessions and results in fewer side effects.

Is SRS/SRT effective for treating nasal cancer in dogs?

Yes, SRS/SRT is considered very effective for dogs with nasal tumors. It can provide significant symptom relief and help extend quality time, especially when surgery is not an option.

What are the benefits of SRS/SRT for my dog?

Benefits of SRS/SRT include fewer anesthetic events, shorter treatment duration, reduced impact on healthy tissues, and the ability to treat tumors in sensitive or hard-to-reach locations.

Are there risks or side effects with SRS/SRT in dogs?

Most dogs tolerate SRS/SRT very well, with mild and temporary side effects such as minor inflammation or irritation. Serious complications are rare, but your veterinary oncologist will discuss any risks specific to your dog.

How do I know if my dog is a candidate for SRS/SRT?

A veterinary oncologist will review your dog’s diagnosis, imaging results, and health status to determine if SRS/SRT is appropriate. Many nasal tumors are suitable for this advanced treatment.

Is SRS/SRT available at all veterinary offices or veterinary cancer treatment centers?

SRS/SRT requires specialized technology and expertise, so it is only available at select specialty veterinary oncology centers. PetCure Oncology locations are among those offering this advanced therapy.

How long can a dog live after SRS/SRT treatment for nasal cancer?

Survival times vary, but many dogs treated with SRS/SRT for nasal cancer live up to 16–25 months (median survival) or longer, depending on the tumor type and stage at diagnosis. Your veterinary oncologist will be able to assess your dog and provide their assessment as individual results can vary.

What are the first signs of nasal cancer in dogs?

Early signs often include persistent nasal discharge, sneezing, noisy breathing, or nosebleeds. These symptoms can be mistaken for allergies or infections in the early stages.

Can nasal cancer in dogs be cured?

While a cure is rare, treatment, including SRS/SRT, can help control the tumor, relieve symptoms, and improve your dog’s quality of life.

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REFERENCES
1 “Canine and feline nasal tumors,” dvm360.com,
2 “When it comes to nasal tumors, the nose knows.” dvm360.com